Childhood..... miss those days of happiness,quarrels,infinite dreams,uncountable mischieves 

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Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

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  Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Spongiform encephalopathies (SEs) are degenerative disorders of the brain that occur in a number of species. They are recognized by the clinical appearance of the affected animal and the characteristic histological changes they produce in the brain.  One of the common Spongiform encephalopathy is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE),which mainly affect cattle. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), widely referred to as “mad cow disease,” is a progressive and fatal neurologic disease of cattle. It is caused by  an unconventional transmissible agent, an abnormal prion protein . "Bovine" means that the disease affects cows, "spongiform" refers to the way the brain from a sick cow looks spongy under a microscope, and "encephalopathy" indicates that it is a disease of the brain. The infection spreads to cattle by the practice of feeding them abattoir waste and offal which may have contained scrapie infected meat. ...
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Cell membrane /Plasma membrane

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    Plasma membrane or cell membrane Plasma membrane or cell membrane is a dynamic , fluid structure and forms external boundary of the cell. It acts as a selective permeable membrane and regulates molecular traffic across the boundary. Plasma membrane behaves as a capacitor. In absence of integral membrane proteins, plasma membrane have similar electrical properties. The non conductive lipid bilayer of the membrane separates the conductive extracellular and intracellular electrolyte solutions. This results in the separation of charge across the lipid bilayer and this charge separation   brings about an electrical potential difference across the bilayer which is referred to as membrane potential. Different models are: Overton model The Overton model, (1899)  proposed by Charles Overton, suggests that the plasma membrane is primarily composed of lipids, and its permeability is largely determined by the lipid solubility of substances. This model is based...
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Preparation of antibiotic disc

Aim To prepare antibiotic discs economically and to determine   the resistance pattern of   antibiotics against common pathogens. Principle Antibiotics are   defined as   antimicrobial substances which inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. It is widely used in treatment of many diseases. Penicillin was the first antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming in1928. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be studied   by different methods such as disk diffusion method, dilution method, E test   method. The  disk -diffusion agar methods assess the effectiveness of  antibiotics  on a specific microorganism. Each disc is a standard size and is impregnated with a standard volume and concentration of the antibiotic. Impregnated   disc with a known concentration of an antimicrobial compound is placed on Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar which is swabbed with test organism .After incubation, t he absence of growth around the antibiotic disks in...
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