Molecular Chaperones

Molecular  Chaperones are diverse group of protein molecules that  control conformational changes in native protein to make it as biologically functional protein .

Main role of molecular  chaperones 

Prevent protein degradation

Protein folding assistance

Prevent aggregation of proteins

Prevent prion formation

Assistance of translocation of other molecules

Types of Chaperones

1.HSP(Heat shock proteins)

Proteins which help to assist stressful conditions (elevated temperature, toxic chemical, radiation)in cell.

Eg: Eukaryotes                                         Prokaryotes:

HSP-10                                                               GroES

HSP-40                                                               DNA J

HSP-60                                                               GroEL

HSP-70                                                               DNA K

2.Lectin Chaperones

CALNEXIN

CALRETICULIN

3. GRP-58(Glucose Regulated Protein)

assist glycoprotein folding

4. Protein disulphide isomerase

Based on activity:

Foldases : assist  misfolded proteins back in to native protein

                   helps in folding of protein

                  ATP dependent

                   HSP60

                   GROEL

Holdases: Prevents protein damage

                 HSP40/DNAJ 

Dis aggregase: prevents aggregation of proteins

                            HSP104






Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Biological databases

 Biological databases A database is a computerized archive used to store and organize data in such a way that information can be retrieved easily via a variety of search criteria. Databases are composed of computer hardware and software for data management. The chief objective of the development of a database is to organize data in a set of structured records to enable easy retrieval of information. Each record, also called an entry, should contain a number of fields that hold the actual data items, for example, fields for names, phone numbers, addresses, dates. To retrieve a particular record from the database, a user can specify a particular piece of information, called value , to be found in a particular field and expect the computer to retrieve the whole data record. This process is called making a query. Biological databases are  libraries of biological sciences, collected from scientific experiments, published literature, high-throughput experiment technology, and computational
Read more

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

Image
  Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Spongiform encephalopathies (SEs) are degenerative disorders of the brain that occur in a number of species. They are recognized by the clinical appearance of the affected animal and the characteristic histological changes they produce in the brain.  One of the common Spongiform encephalopathy is Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE),which mainly affect cattle. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), widely referred to as “mad cow disease,” is a progressive and fatal neurologic disease of cattle. It is caused by  an unconventional transmissible agent, an abnormal prion protein . "Bovine" means that the disease affects cows, "spongiform" refers to the way the brain from a sick cow looks spongy under a microscope, and "encephalopathy" indicates that it is a disease of the brain. The infection spreads to cattle by the practice of feeding them abattoir waste and offal which may have contained scrapie infected meat.
Read more

Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method

Aim To determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the given organism by Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method. Principle Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method is commonly employed for antibiotic sensitivity test. The test is based on the fact that for a given antibiotic, the size of zone of inhibition is related to MIC                  {Minimum   Inhibitory Concentration }. MIC is referred as the lowest concentration of the antibiotic that exhibits the zone of inhibition on the assay plate. Kirby – Bauer Agar disk diffusion method provides qualitative interpretive category results of susceptible, intermediate, and resistant bacterial isolate Materials required ·          Sterile forceps ·          Sterile swabs ·          Broth culture of the organism ·          Sterile Mueller-Hinton agar plates ·          Antibiotic discs   Procedure Preparation of plates Sterile Mueller-Hinton agar [pH 7.3] was prepared and poured into plates [the depth of the medium should be a
Read more