Molecular Chaperones

Molecular  Chaperones are diverse group of protein molecules that  control conformational changes in native protein to make it as biologically functional protein .

Main role of molecular  chaperones 

Prevent protein degradation

Protein folding assistance

Prevent aggregation of proteins

Prevent prion formation

Assistance of translocation of other molecules

Types of Chaperones

1.HSP(Heat shock proteins)

Proteins which help to assist stressful conditions (elevated temperature, toxic chemical, radiation)in cell.

Eg: Eukaryotes                                         Prokaryotes:

HSP-10                                                               GroES

HSP-40                                                               DNA J

HSP-60                                                               GroEL

HSP-70                                                               DNA K

2.Lectin Chaperones

CALNEXIN

CALRETICULIN

3. GRP-58(Glucose Regulated Protein)

assist glycoprotein folding

4. Protein disulphide isomerase

Based on activity:

Foldases : assist  misfolded proteins back in to native protein

                   helps in folding of protein

                  ATP dependent

                   HSP60

                   GROEL

Holdases: Prevents protein damage

                 HSP40/DNAJ 

Dis aggregase: prevents aggregation of proteins

                            HSP104






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